Electronic Effect
"The effect in which shifting of Sigma electron as well as Pi electron takes place is known as electronic effect."
Types of electronic effect -two types
[A]-permanent effect -It is also known as polarising effect because if these effect present in a compound then polarity is generated in that compound.
Permanent effect is shown by-
●Inductive effect
●Mesomeric effect
●Hyperconjugation
[B]-Temporary effect- this is also known as Polarisibility effect because electron cloud is distorted by attacking reagent.
●Electromeric effect
●Inductomeric effect
INDUCTIVE EFFECT
●In similar atom- If covalent bond is formed between simmilar atom then the shared pair of electrons of covalent bond exist between two similar atom .
so polarity does not generate.Hence bond become nonpolar .
Ex-
H-H
Cl-Cl
Br-Br
F-F
●In dissimilar atom -If covalent bond is formed between dissimilar atom then more electronegative atom attract the shared pair of electron towards itself due to which a slight negative charge (δ+) generated on more electronegative atom and less electronegative atom from which electron shared pair electron moves away generate slight positive charge (δ-) .Now the Bond become polar.
Ex-
δ+ δ-
H-F
H-less electronegative (weak)
F-more electronegative(powerful)
H-F
H-OH
Definition -
●"Shifting of Sigma bonded electron towards more electronegative atom is known as inductive effect."
●"The permanent displacement of sigma bond electron in One Direction is known as inductive effect."
●The polarization of sigma bond due to attachment of powerful group or atom in carbon chain is known as inductive effect ."
Salient features of of inductive effect-
[1] It is represented by I
[2] it is permanent effect it arises due to electronegativity difference.
[3]Power of inductive effect decreases with increasing distance that means as we move away from electronegative atom
inductive effect decreases.
[4] This effect present only in Sigma bonded compound .
[5] It always results partial charge separation.
[6] Electron moves always in One Direction .
[7] It also affect the physical as well as chemical property of compound .
[8] It is also known as transmission effect .
Types of Inductive Effect-
[A]Negative Inductive Effect(-I) - It is also known as electron withdrawing effect.
the group or atom which attract the sigma bonded electron of carbon chain more strongly then hydrogen is known as - I group and this group shows - I effect.
These group attract the sigma bonding electron towards itself.
δδδδ+ δδδ+ δδ+ δ+ δ-
C4->>>>-C3->>>-C2->>-C1->-X
X-Electronegative atom(electron withdrawing group )
☆Positive charge order- δδδδ+ < δδδ+ < δδ+ < δ+
☆Inductive effect order- C1 > C2 > C3 >C4
● -I Group Order-
NF3+ > NR+3 > NH+3 > CF+3 > NO2 > CN
> SO3H > CHO > COR > COOH > COCl >
CONH2 >F > Cl > Br > I >OR >OH > CCH
>NH2 >C6H5 > CH=CH2 > H
[B]-Positive Inductive Effect (+I) - Electron donations effect .the group or atom which donate electrons to carbon chain is known as +I group and this group shows +I effect.
δδδδ- δδδ- δδ- δ- δ+
C-<<<<-C-<<-C-<<-C-<-Y
Y- Electrone donating group
☆Negative charge order- δδδδ- < δδδ- < δδ- < δ-
☆Inductive effect order- C1 > C2 > C3 >C4
● +I Group Order-
where-
H - Protium 1H1
D - Deuterium 1H2
T - Tritium 1H3
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Very well explained ..
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